Ephialtes

Ephialtes was an ancient Athenian statesman and democratic reformer who played a crucial role in transforming Athens into a radical democracy. Born into a middle-class family, he emerged as a leader of the democratic faction in Athens during the 460s BCE. His most significant achievement was weakening the power of the aristocratic Areopagus council, transferring many of its functions to the popular Assembly (Ecclesia), the Council of 500 (Boule), and the people's courts (Dikasteria). These reforms marked a decisive shift toward direct democracy in Athens. Ephialtes worked closely with the young Pericles and represented the interests of the common citizens against the aristocratic elite. His political career was cut short when he was assassinated in 461 BCE, likely by political opponents who opposed his democratic reforms. His death paved the way for Pericles to become the dominant political figure in Athens.