Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician Roman family and rose to become one of history's most influential figures. After serving in the military and holding various political positions, he formed the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. His military conquests in Gaul (modern-day France) significantly expanded Roman territory. After crossing the Rubicon in -49, he initiated a civil war against Pompey, ultimately becoming the Roman Republic's dictator. Caesar implemented numerous reforms, including the Julian calendar, land reform, and expanded Roman citizenship. He was known for his military genius, political acumen, and literary works, particularly his 'Commentarii de Bello Gallico.' His reign marked the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire. Caesar met his end on the Ides of March (-44) when a group of senators, fearing his growing power, assassinated him at the Theatre of Pompey.