Ramesses II

Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was one of ancient Egypt's most powerful and celebrated pharaohs. Born into the royal family as the son of Seti I, he assumed the throne in his early 20s and went on to rule for an extraordinary 66 years. During his reign, he led numerous military campaigns, most famously the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites, which resulted in the world's first known peace treaty. Ramesses was a prolific builder who erected more monuments and temples than any other pharaoh, including the famous Abu Simbel temples and additions to Luxor and Karnak. He had over 100 children from his various wives, with his chief wife Nefertari being his most beloved. Ramesses II was known for his exceptional longevity, ruling until his death at approximately 90 years old. His mummified remains show he was tall for his time, had red hair, and suffered from dental problems and arthritis in his later years. His reign marked the last peak of Egypt's imperial power, and he became so legendary that nine subsequent pharaohs took his name.