Socrates

Socrates was born in Athens to a stonemason father and midwife mother. Unlike other philosophers of his time, he didn't write any texts, and what we know about him comes primarily through his students, particularly Plato. Socrates developed a method of inquiry and debate known as the Socratic Method, which involves asking probing questions to stimulate critical thinking. He spent his life engaging citizens in philosophical discussions about virtue, justice, and wisdom, often challenging conventional wisdom and authority. His most famous statement, 'I know that I know nothing,' epitomizes his approach to wisdom. Socrates served as a hoplite (soldier) in the Peloponnesian War and was known for his physical endurance and courage. He married Xanthippe and had three sons. His questioning of Athenian traditions and values, along with his influence on young minds, led to his trial in 399 BCE on charges of corrupting the youth and impiety. Rather than flee into exile, he accepted the jury's death sentence and died by drinking hemlock poison, becoming a martyr for philosophical inquiry and free thought.