Iliad
The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem traditionally attributed to Homer, composed around the 8th or 7th century BCE. It consists of 15,693 lines of dactylic hexameter verse, divided into 24 books. The poem narrates the events of several weeks during the final year of the Trojan War, focusing on the wrath of Achilles and its consequences. The work exists in numerous ancient manuscripts and papyri fragments, with the earliest substantial fragments dating to the 2nd century BCE.
Provenance Trail
Multiple manuscripts exist in various libraries and institutions worldwide, including the Biblioteca Marciana (Venice),...
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Iliad located in Paris
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Capital city on the Seine in northern France.
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Plato
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Plato was born into an aristocratic Athenian family, with his real name believed to be Aristocles. 'Plato' was a nickname meaning 'broad,' possibly referring to his physical build or broad forehead. H...
Socrates
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Socrates was born in Athens to a stonemason father and midwife mother. Unlike other philosophers of his time, he didn't write anything down; our knowledge of him comes primarily through his students,...
Thermopylae
same era
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The narrow coastal pass in central Greece where the famous battle between Greek forces and the Persian army took place in 480 BCE. Known as the "Hot Gates" due to nearby sulfur springs.
Odyssey
same era
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Epic poem attributed to Homer, recounting Odysseus's journey home after the Trojan War.
Hoplon (Greek Shield)
same era
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The heavy bronze-covered wooden shield used by Greek hoplites, essential to the phalanx formation. Weighed about 7-9 kg and provided protection from neck to thigh.
Phalanx Formation
same era
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The rectangular mass military formation of heavy infantry armed with spears and shields. Each warrior protected the man to his left with his shield while thrusting with his spear.
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