Aristotle

Aristotle was born in Stagira, Macedonia, to a physician named Nicomachus who served the Macedonian court. At age 17, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens, where he studied and later taught for 20 years. After Plato's death, Aristotle left Athens and tutored Alexander the Great. He later returned to Athens to establish his own school, the Lyceum. Aristotle made groundbreaking contributions across numerous fields including logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, medicine, and the arts. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, scientific reasoning, and logic. His work laid the foundation for nearly all subsequent Western philosophical thought. His death in Chalcis, Euboea, occurred after he fled Athens due to anti-Macedonian sentiment, reportedly from natural causes.